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Nearly all objects will vibrate when hit, struck, plucked, strummed or otherwise disturbed from their resting position. The frequency at which they vibrate is known as their natural frequency.
Bobblehead Dolls
Those crazy bobblehead dolls that you see at baseball games and in novelty shops are a perfect example of how vibrational motion works. The oversized head of the doll is connected to the body by a spring, so when it gets a light tap, the head bobs back and forth.
However, this kind of motion can’t continue forever. The forces on the doll will eventually cancel out and the head will stop wagging – This information is a creation of the service specialists https://miss-lingerie-sexy.com. This happens because the force that pushes the head back and forth must also be strong enough to overcome the force that pulls the doll down.
To solve this problem, a bobble head doll 100 includes a hinge connection 50 between the platform 26 and the housing 22. The agitator engagement portions 42 engage and disengage with complementary engagement portions 56 to cause the platform 26 to be pivoted upward and then drop down, imparting a continuous up and down bobbling motion to the head 106 of the bobblehead doll 100. To increase and vary the bobbling motion, a riser element 58 may be selectively placed under one edge of the base 104 to increase the instability of the doll on the supporting platform, producing alternative oscillating head bobbing motions.
Meter Sticks
A meter stick can be used to demonstrate principles of wave physics. It can also serve as a tool for investigating sound waves and their properties of frequency, pitch and amplitude.
Students can experiment with how the length of a meter stick affects pitch. They can observe that a longer meter stick has a lower pitched sound than a shorter one when plucked to produce vibration and a sound.
Meter sticks are available with metric only markings or with English measuring marks. They usually measure a full meter, or about 3 feet long, but some are shorter. They look very similar to a folding carpenter’s ruler.
Using the meter stick-clay drop, students can review free fall and Newton’s second law of motion. They can then calculate the distance y dropped in the time t, and compare this to the meter stick’s weight mg divided by its mass m. They can conclude that the meter stick’s weight does not affect its acceleration a. They can also determine where on the meter stick’s geometric center (CM) of gravity, or fulcrum, it balances when supported horizontally.
Pencils
A pencil is a writing utensil that uses graphite to leave marks on paper or other surfaces. It is distinct from pens, which use liquid or gel ink to mark surfaces.
The pencil originated in the 16th century as a replacement for the lead-based stylus that had been used for centuries. Standard pencils contain no lead, but the term persists because early pencils used a substance called graphite. Graphite leaves lighter marks than lead, but the material was too soft for everyday writing and drawing. Eventually, pencil makers found a way to harden the material without making it too stiff, and they created wood-cased pencils.
A new patent application from Apple suggests incorporating acoustic resonators inside an Apple Pencil that vibrate when Bluetooth signals are received. The resonators would make the stylus easier to locate when it’s in a user’s hand. The filing lists several inventors, including a group of employees from Apple, but a patent application doesn’t guarantee that the idea will be implemented in any future products or services from Apple. Inventors file many patent applications, and most never see the light of day.
Mass on a Spring
Mr. H is annoyed by the constant raiding of his bird feeders by squirrels, and he wants to put a stop to it. He decides to equip his feeder with a spring system that will stretch and oscillate when a squirrel attempts to access it. He needs to determine which spring-mass system will have the highest frequency of vibration.
The force needed to stretch a spring is given by its spring constant (k), which can be determined by plotting force versus distance using the Science Workshop program. The slope of the best fit line is the k value.
When the mass is attached to one end of a spring and released, it undergoes simple harmonic motion about an equilibrium position. The distance from the spring to this equilibrium position is called the amplitude of the movement. As the mass moves through its motion, it transforms mechanical energy from elastic potential energy into kinetic energy, but the total amount of energy remains unchanged. The velocity-time plot of the mass displays this transformation as a sinusoidal shape.
Musical Instruments
Musical instruments produce sound when their parts vibrate. Students can make musical sounds with straw kazoos (see Pitch: Straw Kazoo, printable instructions) or with a variety of instruments such as a piano or drums. Ask them to identify which parts of the instrument vibrate to create sounds. How do the sounds get from the vibrating parts to their ears?
The vibrations that make up sound waves knock molecules of air against one another in repeated patterns. These vibrations travel through the air and vibrate your eardrum. The frequency of the vibrations determines the pitch – high-pitched sounds have lower frequencies than low-pitched sounds. Other properties of a sound are determined by the amplitude of the vibrations and the speed of the vibrating particles. Most musical instruments vibrate to create sounds when they are strummed, plucked or struck. They also contain special resonators that help them create certain sounds – for example, the tubes of different lengths under a bar of a xylophone create a particular tone when hit. These partials make the sound of a musical instrument warm and rich, as opposed to the tinny sound produced by electronic tone synthesizers.
